Play Analysis - Life is a Dream, Nature of Spanish Society - 1650 Words

Play Analysis - Life is a Dream, The Nature of Spanish Society (Values, Social Morals, Expectations and Political Culture) (Book Review Sample) Content: Name:Authors Name:Course details:Date: Play Analysis: Life is a DreamThe Nature of Spanish Society ( Values, Social Morals, Expectations and Political Culture)The play is a Spanish Golden Age drama written by Pedro Calderon. The story commences at the Warsaw frontier in the countryside between Poland and Russia. Rosaura, a noble woman, dressed as a man is traveling by foot with her servant after they lose their horse. The story depicts the illusionary and dreamy nature of the world and the inconsistencies in life. The story is about a prince who is imprisoned since birth to evade an astrologer's prediction of his rebellion. He first loses control of himself then gains it when he discovers the illusory nature of human desires and eventually masters self-mastery. The essay addresses the nature of the Spanish culture as depicted in the play, values, mores and social expectations of the society. It also explores the political character of the era.Ped ro Calderon optimizes the Baroque style of art and literature that was widespread in the Spanish culture of the Golden Age. Like other Baroque literature he explores the themes of nature, Free will and fate and human character and conflicts in theology. In Siegmund's soliloquy, he portrays the dreamy nature of life. What is life? A frenzy.He says,What is life? An illusion,A shadow, fiction,And the greatest good is paltry:Since all life is a dream,And dreams are also dreams (Calderon, Act 2 1195-1200). Calderon also uses another soliloquy of Siegmund to describe the human character.Siegmund says" This guilty piece of human handiwork, And all that is within it. Oh, how oft, How oft, within or here abroad, have I Waited, and in the whisper of my heart Pray'd for the slanting hand of heaven to strike The blow myself I dared not, out of fear"(Calderon 2003, Act 1). Most of the golden age drama had their plots built of dishonor through sexual misconduct. Life is a dream portrays this kind of scheme through Estrella and Rosaura. This scenario explains the value of honor in the Spanish society during the period.The society valued social classes and status in the play. The nobles deemed themselves higher than the rest of the community. Astolfo secretly loves Rosaura and wears a portrait of her around his neck. However, he cannot declare his love for her because she belongs to a lower social class than him. When Clotaldo admits to them that Rosaura is his daughter and was born of a noblewoman he readily accepts to marry her.The society in the play is experiencing religious conflicts between Catholics and astrologers. The author wrote the story when there were reforms in the dominant Catholic church that led to Protestantism. The king realizes that he has imprisoned his son Siegmund for a prediction that could not be true. The rest of the state thinks that the son died, but now the King releases him from his cell at the tower. Astrologers believed in predestination where a person's behavior was determined by constellation while the church believed that every human being had the power of free will. The stars could shape a person's character but not determined how it would be. When Siegmund masters his self-control he overthrows his father but also forgives him (Act 3). He learns that he is expected to do good. The stars predicted his rebellion but not his change in conduct and forgiving his father. Though the author writes the story in Poland, it mirrors the state of the Spanish community at the time.Honour is an important value in this society. Rosaura is seeking revenge for her affront perpetrated by Astolfo; She wants to kill him so that she could regain her honor. Clotaldo, her father as she later discovers, promises to help her execute Astolfo. He does this because dishonoring another person's child in the Spanish society meant affronting the father too. Siegmund loses his honor too when he causes chaos in the king's presence. He fights with th e servants at the palace and makes inappropriate advances towards Rosaura and Estrella. He is returned to his cells at the tower and believes the whole event was a dream. However, he regains it when he adopts proper conduct and helps the polish soldiers overthrow his father in battle after Astolfo is declared Duke of Moskovyt. He restrains himself from the desires he has for Rosaura and keeps his honor and hers too. Calderon shows the society's expectations of people to do good and behave well. The king expected Siegmund to act well as a prince should. The prophecy that he would be a vicious prince made him unsure so that he had to lock him up since his birth. The king is worried about putting so much trust in astronomy so he decides to release his son and watch how Siegmund would behave but his actions affirm the astrologer's prediction, and he throws him back to prison. Coltado informs Siegmund that all that he had done in the palace had been a dream.He also advises him that they expected him to do good even in his dream. This revelation helps Siegmund to develop a change in heart and change the destiny the astrologer had predicted. He defeats King Basilio in the battle and then forgives him for locking him up for 20 years in the prison tower. To fulfill his expectations as a responsible King, Siegmund sends the soldier who led the rebellion to prison in the tower. The scene is ironical, but he was performing his duty as a king, to punish the leader of the coup. It was also an act of exemplary leadership that the people expected of him. Astolfo is a dishonorable man. Against the societal values, he slurs Rosaura. He also dishonors Estrella when he tries to woo yet he is wearing the portrait of Rosaura around his neck. Estrella is offended by this because it injures her reputation. Siegmund later forces him to marry Rosaura to pay back for shaming her. One has to kill their offender to regain honor. The purpose of Rosaura visit to Poland was to kill Astolfo to restore her self-respect. She fought alongside Siegmund in battle so that she could have the chance to kill him.Loyalty is another significant value the author brings up. Fife, Rosaura's servant, proves his loyalty when he accompanies her from Muscovy to Poland across the rough terrain. He admits how much he loved his master and she too loves him. This kind of commitment expresses the kind of loyalty there was between servants and their masters. After Siegmund breaks out of jail, he asks Clotaldo to join him to fight against his father and Duke Astolfo. He opts to remain loyal to the king instead, despite that he owed Siegmund for sparing his life. Siegmund expressed his loyalty to his father when he saved his life when he won the battle. His father then declares him the heir to his throne. Siegmund also shows loyalty to his kingdom by punishing the soldier who spearheaded the rebellion. He demonstrated that he would ensure service of justice to lawbreakers. The Spanish society highly valued loyalty.The government system was aristocratic. The leadership remained in the hands ...

Stakeholders and Shareholders an examination - Free Essay Example

Stakeholders are individuals with stake in the association and they incorporate shareholders, clients, representatives and stockholders. These groups of individuals put resources into the association with the desire for something to that effect of pay or profits. An association will there need to meet the enthusiasm of their stakeholders. Maximum organization formed for the profit making purposes. Government With a specific end goal to restore monetary security, policymakers must concentrate on restoring the institutional part of administering. Government can give a stable situation to financial development when it can be relied on to keep up the security of the money, uphold and guard property rights, and give oversight that guarantees private nationals that their exchange accomplices in the commercial center are held accountable. This will permit market members to start giving their assets back something to do in the ranges where they are generally beneficial. government spending and government shortfalls naturally increment amid monetary downturns because of more requests on social-security net procurements and falling expense incomes. Such spending can have a balancing out impact on the economy on the grounds that it happens naturally as opposed to through authoritative acts, and the cash is spent on occasion it is required most. The funds are regularly not spent until long afte r the downturn has occurred, and can drag out the downturn by swarming out profitable venture and spending that would have overall happened Government foundations must be overseen well to monitor their validity in giving an only arrangement of laws and implementation. This can be starkly clear in less-a created nation however is no less valid for created nations. (Campbell, sep 17,2009) Stockholders Certain shareholders, known as extremist shareholders, will make fiercely flighty speculations and divestitures keeping in mind the end goal to move the offer value and draw in media thoughtfulness regarding a certain issue. Stockholders beginning part is to give the capital an organization needs to develop and extend, or on account of a startup wander, the capital it needs to dispatch its items or services into the commercial center. In privately owned businesses, stockholders may take a dynamic part in setting the vital course for the venture. In public organizations, stockholders can go to a yearly meeting and make inquiries of the organizations top administration, including the CEO, about the choices they have made and the course the organization is going. (Osmond Vitez) Board of director While the director is a more distant way to deal with controlling an organization, a few partners incline toward the hands on methodology by specifically accepting administration positions. Partners can assume control over specific offices à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å", for example, HR or innovative work à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" to micromanage the business and protect achievement. In private and traded on an open market organizations, major shareholders frequently specifically take part in business choices on the administration level On the Board, the NEDs speak to the outside world. Their normal residency can exceed the period in office of the CEO, setting them in a perfect position to take a long haul, wide based perspective of the organizations enthusiasm for society. Direction on good practice in corporate administration coordinates towards an expanding diversity qualities of individuals from an organization Board, opening up the profile against which NEDs are enlisted. The attention to NEDs of improvements in different segments, including, for instance, the universes of the educated community and not-for-benefits, issues them a viewpoint that may not be accessible to officials submerged in regular administration. It can give another perspective of the organization and its exercises, as seen from outside. NEDs have a direct enthusiasm for the responsiveness of the organization to societys plan, it is a ticking time bomb they cant stand to disregard. Along these lines, the Board can have the comprehension and duty to work a capable, practical business and can see it as a focal, in reality inseparable, part of its corporate system. At the same time shouldnt something be said about execution? Unmistakably, it must be reflected in the goals and needs of line administration. Furthermore, they and the Board will need help in surveying where to center for greatest effect and how to quantify results. Heres the place official bolster comes inà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ CEOs with their Boards set the heading, yet others are expected to help get it going The reaction of various driving organizations in Europe to outer enthusiasm for the social and ecological execution of organizations has been the arrangement of a Board Committee on CSR, A Board Committee signals inside the significance the CEO and Board appends to outside oversight of these parts of organization action, and gives consolation remotely, that outside perspectives and concerns will be heard by the organization leaders. (CORMACK) Employees Top administration may set the general vital heading for the organization; however the workers are in charge of doing the undertakings indicated in the organizations key arrangement in an effective way. Workers are the nearest to the activity. They communicate with clients every day. In an assembling situation, they work straightforwardly on the organizations items. The organizations prosperity depends in vast measure on the aptitude and devotion of its workers. Without the representatives performing their parts capably, the organization wont achieve its income and benefit potential. (Osmond Vitez) Through unions, working individuals have an aggregate voice at work and a street to fairness, reasonable treatment and financial security. They give an effective check to the just about aggregate force of management in the work environment and guarantee laborers have a voice in working environment choices that influence them. Unions help specialists in acquiring an average wage so they and their families can appreciate a quality way of life and budgetary security. They help laborers accomplish working environment advantages far beyond administrative advantages and all inclusive open projects. Excursions, additional medicinal protection, inability and life coverage and a retirement wage are all regions where unions have arranged upgraded procurements. Unions give laborers more prominent employer stability and along these lines financial security for themselves, their families and their groups. (htt39) Customers The explanation behind an organizations presence is to give items or administrations that address the issues of its target clients and advantage them in a significant manner. The part of clients is basic to the organizations survival and achievement. Through the buy choices they make every day, they select which organizations will succeed and which will fall flat. They additionally give profitable criticism to the organization about its items and client administration level. This input empowers the organization to enhance what it offers and to think of altogether new answers for client needs in light of what its clients requested. For some organizations, clients likewise assume an imperative part in the organizations advertising endeavors by prescribing the organizations items or administrations to other potential clients. (Osmond Vitez) A national economy is an expansive amalgamation of individual, business and government spending or speculation. Governments ordinarily give car eful consideration to monetary elements to gauge the quality of an economy. Shoppers speak to a central point in economies. As indicated by Henry Hazlitt, creator of Financial matters in One Lesson, U.S. shoppers represent pretty nearly 70 percent of the national economy. Spending is a critical part of customers. Free market economies depend on buyer interest to gage the designation and circulation of financial assets. Necessities speak to the sustenance, haven and garments people need to keep up a certain personal satisfaction. Non-solid merchandise last under three years; these incorporate gas, paper items and office supplies. Autos and houses are samples of strong products, which last over three years. Extravagance things incorporate adornments, extravagant autos and different things redundant for carrying on with a standard way of life. Organizations use customer spending information in their supply and interest financial computations. Supply and interest helps organizatio ns produce merchandise or administrations at the most positive purchaser value focuses. Customer spending helps organizations figure out which items have the most esteem in the financial commercial center. (Osmond Vitez) Suppliers An organizations capacity to dispatch its client arranges on time and convey the most astounding quality products to the commercial center depends partially on the part its sellers or suppliers play. The organization depends upon crude materials or parts being accessible when they are required and at suitable costs. In the event that the supply of one key thing is interrupted on, it can bring about a disturbance in the organizations whole assembling timetable. Suppliers additionally assume a part of acquainting new applications or arrangements with the organization so it can get to be more effective, more beneficial and bring down its expenses and build its edges and benefits. (Osmond Vitez) Strategic direction Strategic direction is the procedure used by an administration which perceives the heading it plan to structure and the move for activity by which it mean to arrive at that point, Stone (2010). The HR administrator assumes an essential part in uniting the organization most vital of human asset to the key heading of the organization and does as such all through the utilize of key HRM practices and strategies. Key course is the heading in which an association means to go for through the utilization of a technique which makes the system for activities included in attaining to upper hand for the association and its partners. As per Chung et al (2008) composed that an associations system must be suitable for its assets, natural circumstances, and center targets and the methods included must match the organizations key preference to the business environment as present to the association. So what obligation do SHRM play in the vital heading of an organization. Services searches for the poor and underserved as a specific focus. It is those without salary they could call their own who obliged us by and large. Through our human services and our relentless promotion looks to serve the underserved and poor of our groups. Each manager needs to have a solid ability of dissecting how the business should be executed, particularly in the event that they are to pass by vital arranging procedure. The examination methodologies makes it simple for the overseer to know the qualities and shortcomings, dangers and opportunities and in this manner making it basic to arrange carefully and draft a solid key administration arrangement. The portion of constrained capital assets is maybe a standout amongst the most troublesome choices health awareness executives need to make. The requirement for new hardware, remodels and upkeep and the interest for new administration lines and offices all accompany merit. With a specific end goal to win, there necessities to be a determination as to w hich offer will cause the great returns for the medicinal services. (htt40) Control Control strategies in associations assume a vital part in controlling worker practices and go about as a limit to help workers at different levels to recognize what practices need to be embraced so that there would be no issues for the association because of wrong practices. There have been numerous organizations which were performing greatly well and abruptly have gone down owing to cheats conferred by representatives in light of the weight to perform well. Enron Inc., for instance was the greatest case how corporate extortion can make an organization come up short completely. While it turns into the obligation of the top administration to set up different symptomatic control frameworks keeping in mind the end goal to make representatives mindful of what are the criteria in which their execution is measured, there additionally must be a sound convictions framework which has been all around imparted all through the association. There must be clear limits set by the senior administr ation in respect to what ought not be finished. While what could be possible is now passed on, what ought not be done must be all the more significantly stressed so that workers cant accuse obliviousness as one of the explanations behind offenses. At last there must be a productive intuitive control framework which guarantees that the senior administration comprehends and associates with the workers under them and really fruitful execution is being done over the association. (htt41) Bibliography (n.d.). Retrieved from https://labourrights.ca/issues/unions-society (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/commerce/assess-the-role-of-key-stakeholder-commerce-essay.php#ixzz3Xt72HeYR (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/business/identify-control-strategies-used-at-an-organization-business-essay.php#ixzz3Xt8IlbkC Campbell, K. (sep 17,2009). Retrieved from https://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2009/09/the-economic-role-of-government-focus-on-stability-not-spending CORMACK, N. F. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.ksg.harvard.edu/m-rcbg/CSRI/publications/report_12_CGI Role of Business in Society Report FINAL 10-03-06.pdf Osmond Vitez, D. M. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/importance-consumer-spending-3882.html

Acquiring Personal Freedom Essay - 1227 Words

Acquiring Personal Freedom On a cold January day, a performance broke all barriers. The crowd erupted as the curtains opened to reveal the silhouette of a rock legend. The music initiated moves that seemed to defy explanation. Long, sensuous legs captured the audience as they moved with lightning speed while voluptuous red lips seemed to pour lyrics like a fountain. Some people were in shock about who was performing, while some mystified by how the artist seemed to control the stage. The singer was creating questions with every gyration during the unstoppable performance. No one, including me, could believe what was happening on stage. How someone’s attitude can change over a small amount of time. When I entered high†¦show more content†¦Some of them were nervous about the whole idea of putting on a dress. I definitely felt awkward doing this, but I put on a front that was one of confidence to help them. The reason I appeared to have it all together was that I knew if I showed any sign of nervousness or fear, everyone else would see it and feel the same. After a few practices, we felt ready for the real thing. Thursday morning began like all the others. The sun rose over the cold valley to reveal the fog rising off the river. As I arrived at school, I felt relieved, mostly because I was finally able to escape the constant screaming and giggling that blasted out of the little kids at the front of the bus. When I entered the office, looks of intrigue showered over me as I placed my costume on the floor. The morning seemed to last an eternity and the butterflies seemed to be getting thicker. To me, lunch was tasteless and I was not able to stomach much of it since it was only an hour till’ I was supposed to â€Å"break a leg.† When it was time to get ready, I grabbed my outfit and proceeded to the bathroom. My sinuses became cauterized as I entered the bathroom to change. My mind was too busy processing my nervous feelings that I did not notice two other people enter the bathroom until they began to leave. With my entourage of clothing nearly masking my true gender, I stepped to the mirror and began to apply make-up. After completing a Picasso masterpiece on my face, I gathered myShow MoreRelatedThe Injustice of Universal Healthcare1326 Words   |  5 Pagessome people especially when the issue of fairness has been brought up. In this paper, I will argue that under Nozick’s libertarian principles, the idea of universal healthcare is an unjust one because the process of acquiring such healthcare is not through legitimate means such as personal labor and it also leads to disadvantaging others. 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Pressure To Use Steroids Essay examples - 859 Words

We all have seen a bodybuilders physic, whether it was in a magazine, the media, or in the gym. As we despise their freakish look we still wish that we had a body like them. But the reason we don’t look like that is because we know that the long term effects of steroids in will damage our bodies. Steroids have been a common use throughout human history since 1889. The fact that it’s illegal doesn’t seem to bother many users. Generations today are more reliant on this drug for various reasons, without realizing the consequences and long term effects that can result. Steroids are a way of cheating to reach your goals. Steroids are addictive, and over a short period of time they destroy the liver as well as the kidneys, affect personalities,†¦show more content†¦Steroids can be taken in numerous ways, they can be taken by injection, rubbing on the skin, or just taking a small pill form. The results of taking steroids can be quite dangerous or worse fatal. All anabolic steroid use that is not regulated properly nor properly prescribed by a licensed physician is often known as abusing steroids. Steroids contain very powerful hormones that can be extremely dangerous. They can cause numerous amounts of health problems, and some which could have long term ramifications. Today it is very common to over use steroids. Body building is a prime example of steroid abuse. All of the following are effects from abusing steroids. Firstly the common side effect is acne. Steroid acne is a skin condition that follows the use of hormones. For the most part acne usually occurs on the chest, but, it can also occur on the bum, neck, arms, and even on the back. Many adults and teens who take moderate or high doses of steroids way over a seven week period become more pronged to catching steroid acne. The average acne that we are use to is nothing like steroid acne. The acne resulted by abusing steroids often occur as fairly large and red bumps, that cause extreme itchiness, and are often pustular. The second most common effect is problems in the organs. Steroids conflict with just about every organ in our body, but the most common organs are problems with the liver and heart. Steroids can be very dangerous to the liver especially when taken in aShow MoreRelatedSteroids And Its Effects On Sports781 Words   |  4 Pagesheard people use terms such as â€Å"roiding†, â€Å"doping†, and â€Å"juicing†. These terms refer to using steroids. With the benefits of steroid use, comes major health issues. As a result of steroid use, there has been an increase of physical irregularities and stunted growth. Steroids have a negative reputation due to past events involving health issues and cheating in sports. Steroids can be taken a few different ways, such as injection or ingestion. 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The Intellectual Life of Miguel Hidalgo Y Costilla

The Intellectual Life of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, also referred to as the father of Mexican independence, began his life on May 8, 1753. He was born on the ranch of San Vincente, the estate of San Diego Corraljo, in the Jurisdiction of Pà ©njamo, Guanajuato.[1] His parents were Don Cristà ³bal Hidalgo y Costilla and Doà ±a Ana Marà ­a Gallaga. Miguel Hidalgo was a Creole, meaning that he was born of pure Spanish blood in a province of Spain.[2] Don Cristà ³bal and Doà ±a Ana Marà ­a conceived three more sons subsequent to Miguel. All of their sons were beneficiaries to the reign of Carlos III in Spain. Carlos III allowed admittance of Creoles to colleges and universities, thus inspiring Creole fathers to send their†¦show more content†¦Following this accomplishment, Hidalgo spent time in Valladolid where he lectured in Latin, Philosophy, and the principles of Theology at San Nicolà ¡s.[12] In 1773 Hidalgo returned to the University of Mexico for his second Bachelor degree in Theolo gy. In 1774 Hidalgo won a prize for the best dissertation on the â€Å"The True Method of Studying Theology.† Then in 1778 he was ordained as a priest either in Valladolid or the City of Mexico.[13] During, as well as following, his academic career Hidalgo spent the majority of his time in Valladolid. His occupations included Rector of the college of San Nicolà ¡s, teacher, and cleric. It has been stated that â€Å"many of the heroes of the revolutionary period were native of Valladolid or its vicinity, or were at one time resident there.† Beginning in 1785 in Colima, Hidalgo engaged himself in parochial work, and in 1793 took the position of curate of the parish church in San Filipe.[14] It was in the year 1800 that the inquisition became suspicious of Hidalgo. He was denounced by Fray Joaquin Huesca for unorthodox utterances. A report issued thereafter by the Michoacan commissioner claimed that â€Å"Hidalgo was a most learned man who had ruined himself with gambling and women, that he had read prohibited books and while a professor of theology he had taught from Jansenist works.†[15] As no hard evidence of these accusations surfaced, the paperwork was filed away for future reference. In 1801, Hidalgo began hisShow MoreRelatedMexican American War : The United States Essay1146 Words   |  5 Pagesagainst England and looking for a means of expressing their frustration with three centuries of European rule. By 1810, these intellectuals had found a leader Fray Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a disgruntled and womanizing priest who had been exiled to the dusty backwater Mexican town of Dolores because of his inability to control his indiscretions. On Sept. 16, 1810, Hidalgo sounded the call to revolution with the famous Grito de Dolores that would resonate throughout the rest of Mexican history.Read MoreEssay about History1475 Words   |  6 Pagesidentified as , had executed on July 28, 1794. Subsequently, in the Reaction, the system of the Reign of Terror was eliminated, Jacobins who participated were forced out of public life, and the Constitution of the established a bicameral legislature and an executive body called the . Russia Under Catherine the Great a. Soon after Tsar took power in 1745, he was removedRead MoreEssay on Hst276 R2 Week51516 Words   |  7 Pagesidentified as , had executed on July 28, 1794. Subsequently, in the Reaction, the system of the Reign of Terror was eliminated, Jacobins who participated were forced out of public life, and the Constitution of the established a bicameral legislature and an executive body called the . Russia Under Catherine the Great a. Soon after Tsar took power in 1745, he was removedRead MoreHis/276 Essay example2012 Words   |  9 PagesJacobins who participated were forced out of public life, and the Constitution of the Year III established a bicameral legislature and an executive body called the Directory. II. Identify at least one element of the culture of Revolutionary France for each of the following categories. One example is provided: for that category, identify at least one additional cultural element. * | Cultural elements of Revolutionary France | intellectual contributions | * | artistic forms | Read MoreRevolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World, 1750–185010951 Words   |  44 PagesFrench colonial possessions in the Americas and in India. 2. The unprecedented costs of the wars of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries drove European governments to seek new sources of revenue at a time when the intellectual environment of the Enlightenment inspired people to question and to protest the state’s attempts to introduce new ways of collecting revenue. B. The Enlightenment and the Old Order 1. The Enlightenment thinkers sought to apply the

Hall vs. Hilbun Essays - 734 Words

Module 06 Written Assignment Hall Vs. Hilbun Eliza B. Gray Rasmussen College Authors Note: This paper is being submitted on the 18th of March 2013 for the winter semester of Medical Law and Ethics section 05. Hall Vs. Hilbun The case of Hall versus Hilbun is a case in which an exploratory surgery was conducted to try to locate a possible blockage in the small bowel to alleviate abdominal pain. Mrs. Hall went into the hospital complaining of abdominal pain, upon being seen by doctors she was treated by a general surgeon by the name of Dr. Hilbun who stated he thought the pain was due to a blockage in the small bowel and thought an exploratory surgery was deemed appropriate for treatment. Mrs Hall consented to the surgery and at†¦show more content†¦Hilbun alleging that he failed to give attending nursing staff proper care instructions for Mrs. Hall nor had he provided her case with proper post-surgery follow up. Mr. Hall and her lawyers were able to find an expert witness by the name of Dr. Hoerr to provide testimony proving the alleged malpractice. During the trial Dr. Hoerr’s testimony was thrown out and deemed inaccurate due to the fact that he was not familiar with the local standard o f care a patient would receive from a different doctor in the general area. This case is extremely relevant to what is known as the four D’s of negligence; duty, dereliction, direct cause and damages. Duty is when a doctor and a patient have formed a relationship and said doctor has taken on the responsibility of taking care of the patient. Dereliction or failure to perform a duty, there must be some kind of proof that the doctor somehow neglected the doctor neglected the patient. Direct cause, there must be some kind of proof that what happened to the patient was a direct cause of how the doctor conducted himself or his failure to act which resulted in injury. Damages a patient must prove that harm was incurred by the direct result of the physicians actions. Upon reviewing the four D’s I think that it is clear that Mrs. Halls death was not a direct result of Dr. Hilbuns actions or lack of action. While the surgery did result in a sponge being left in Mrs. Hall’s abdomen that sponge did not directly result in

Sacraments Study Guide free essay sample

Terms Sacrament : outward sign instituted by Christ to give grace Efficacious : capable of producing a desired effect sacramental economy : dispensation of the fruits of the Paschal Mystery entrusted to the Church until Christ comes again Incarnation : God becoming human Liturgy : official public worship of the Church Hypostatic Union : doctrine of faith that recognizes two natures of Jesus, human and divine Evangelists : writers of the four gospels Jesus : Hebrew name that means God saves. Christ : Hebrew name meaning Anointed One. Messiah : long prophesied Savior that God would send to save people from their sins primordial sacrament : reference to Jesus as prime sacrament. Marks of the Church : One, Holy, Catholic, Apostolic Communion of Saints : all believers on earth, in Heaven, and in Purgatory human solidarity : virtue of social charity and friendship whereby we recognize our interdependence social justice : form of justice that treats all people fairly and equally according to their due charism : a God-given talent, skill, gift, or ability that is given to each person for the good of everyone in the Church sacramental grace : participation in the life and love of the Trinity that comes to us through the sacraments theological virtues : faith, hope, and love  laity : all Baptized members of the Church who are not ordained Pentecost : Greek word meaning fiftieth day known as birthday of the Church Paraclete : name for Holy Spirit that means advocate, defender, or consoler Apostolic Succession : unbroken chain of authority in the Church Transubstantiation : the bread and wine truly become the Body and Blood of Christ Ministerial Priesthood : priesthood of Christ received in the sacrament of Holy Orde rs Common Priesthood : priesthood of the faithful shared by those baptized and confirmed sacramental character : an indelible spiritual mark which is a permanent effect of Baptism, Confirmation, and Holy Orders Evangelize : to bring the Good News of Christ to others Sacred Tradition : the living transmission of the Churchs gospel message handed on by the Magisterium Holy Trinity : central mystery of the Christian faith that there are three Divine persons, Father, Son and Spirit Liturgy of the Word : part of the Mass that includes the Readings, homily, profession of faith, and intercessions Homily : reflection given by priest or deacon that reflects on the Scripture readings and applies them to life today Icons : religious paintings or images Sabbath : day of rest Saturday for Jewish faith; Sunday for Christians Holy Day of Obligation : a day when Catholics are obliged to attend Mass Church Year : organization of the major events in Jesus life around the seasons of Advent, Christmas, Ordinary Time, Lent, and Easter Transfiguration : Jesus revealed himself as God to Peter, James, and John Easter Triduum : three-day liturgy that celebrates the Paschal Mystery Mystagogia : period following the Baptism of adults at the Easter Vigil Neophytes : those newly received into the Church Liturgy of the Hours : public prayer of the Church that makes holy the whole day and night Basilica : long narrow church building based on Roman architecture Humility : virtue by which Christians acknowledge that God is the author of all that is good Lectio Divina : prayerful way to read the Bible or other sacred reading Eschatalogical : a term to describe the last things, death, heaven, hell, purgatory, the Second Coming of Christ, and the resurrection of the body Matter of Sacrament : physical elements of a sacrament Form of Sacrament : traditional words said for each sacrament Blessings : Divine life-giving actions that originate with the Father Real Presence : doctrine that Jesus is truly present in his Body and Blood under the form of bread and wine Redemption : recovering ownership or setting free; a ransoming Anamnesis : remembering the faith Epiclesis : calling on the Holy Spirit to change the bread and wine into the Body and Blood Tent : what the Tabernacle is modeled after Fruits of the Spirit : love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, generosity, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control Signs : Sacraments as perceptible to human nature lex orandi, lex credendi : the law of praying is the law of believing catechumens : unbaptized people who are preparing to enter the Church Pompa diaboli : series of questions that Christians reject about Satan catechumenate : Greek word that means study or instruction RCIA : Rite of Christian Initiation for Adults Parts of Christian Initiation : Precatechumenate, Catechumenate, Enlightenment, Mystagogia Neophyte : name for a new member of the Church catechists : one who teaches the faith scrutinies : prayer services in which the church prays for the elect baptistery : a separately planned structure around the Baptism font Sacred Chrism : oil blessed by the bishop that is used to anoint in baptism, confirmation, and holy orders Oil of Catechumens : oil that is used to anoint catechumens to give them wisdom and strength in their journe toward baptism Precepts of the Church : Basic rules that bind catholics who belong to Christs body faith : theological virtue by which we believe in God  hope : theological virtue by which we desire happiness and the Kingdom of God Charity : the greatest of all the virtues; it perfects our ability to love others sacramental : a sacred sign that resemble the sacraments Advocate : a name for the Holy Spirit laying on of hands : a gesture that is an essential element of confirmation confirmand : a candidate for confirmation Chrism Mass : Mass at which the oils for the diocese are blessed and distributed by the bishop balsam : mixed with olive oil to make chrism oil cathedra : bishops chair Gifts of the Spirit : wisdom, knowledge, understanding, right judgment, reverence, wonder and awe, courgage fruits of the Holy Spirit : perfections that result from living in union with the Holy Spirit Eucharist : thanksgiving invocation : a call or supplication for Gods help  introit : part of psalm that is sung when the priest enters the church collect : opening prayer of the Mass Nicene Creed : formal profession of faith recited at Mass moto propio : signifies words in a document that were decided by the pope himself penetential rite : priest invites people to repent of their sins confiteor : I confess Responsorial Psalm : psalm sung or recited after the first reading at Mass Epiclesis : calling on the Holy Spirit to change the bread and wine to the Body and Blood of Christ words of Institution : words said by Jesus over the bread and wine at the Last Supper, which are repeated by the priest to change the bread and wine doxology : prayer of praise to the Trinity.